NHLS resumes snake antivenom production in South Africa
Antivenom stocks have been critically low for over a year, as the South African Vaccine Producers have been unable to manufacture any doses.
Positive strides are being made in addressing South Africa’s snake antivenom shortage. The National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) announced that antivenom production had resumed and that the first batch, comprising over 500 units, was released.
Antivenom stocks have been critically low since at least mid-2024, with the South African Vaccine Producers (SAVP) confirming in October that it was unable to supply doses. The NHLS resumed production in early September and has produced 435 units of polyvalent antivenom — meaning it can be used against multiple toxins.
The production of antivenom is a complex and time-intensive process that requires extensive in-process inspections to ensure the safety, quality and effectiveness of every vial produced. The African Snakebite Institute (ASI) states that South Africa records roughly 4 000 snake bites a year, resulting in 900 hospitalisations. Only 3% of snakebite victims require treatment with antivenom; however, not receiving it could result in death. The reason for the antivenom shortage was reportedly due to electricity supply issues and upgrades at the SAVP, South Africa’s only antivenom manufacturing facility.
Spider, scorpians, and boomslang
Antivenom that will be produced by the NHLS will include polyvalent antivenom, boomslang antivenom, spider antivenom and scorpion antivenom.
The NHLS says it is working closely with provincial health departments to ensure equitable distribution of the newly available antivenoms, especially to clinics and hospitals in snakebite prone areas.
For emergencies involving venomous bites or stings, dial 10177 or visit the nearest healthcare facility immediately.
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